字神帝國英語天地

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今日主題：Road Noise Takes Toll On Migrating Birds
公路噪音影響鳥類遷徙

托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍(不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，是單字沒背過，還是單字發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

mp3音檔：http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20150914sa_science.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：

Building a road through wilderness certainly has a visible impact on local flora and fauna—you're physically paving over a slice of what was once habitat. But roads have less obvious effects, too. Like the introduction of traffic noise, which also takes a toll. "You can see an oil spill but you can't see a traffic noise spill. So convincing people that it's important is a little more difficult."
穿過荒野修建公路，肯定會對植物群和動物群產生明顯的影響——因為人們正在曾經是一片棲息地的地方鋪路。但這些公路的影響比較小。帶來的交通噪音，也會產生重大的影響。「你會注意到石油洩漏，但是不會注意到噪音洩漏，所以讓人們相信噪音的影響很重要是有一些困難的。

Heidi Ware, an ornithologist at the Intermountain Bird Observatory in Boise, Idaho. She and her colleagues studied the reactions by birds to the sounds of vehicles. And they did it without paving the great outdoors. Instead, they mounted 15 pairs of speakers on Douglas fir trees, along a ridge near Boise, and played traffic noise. <> They thus created what they call a "phantom road" through the wilderness, which boosted local noise levels 10 decibels higher than those in the surrounding forest.
海蒂‧瓦雷，是博伊西，愛達荷Intermountain鳥天文台的一名鳥類學家。她和同事們研究了鳥類對汽車聲音反應。他們沒有在荒野的公路上做這項研 究。而是，在博伊西附近山脊的道路拉斯冷杉樹上綁了15對揚聲器，然後播放交通噪音——《交通噪音剪輯》。他們通過這種方法，在荒野上創造出一種「幻像公 路」，這種方法製造的噪音要比周圍森林的噪音高出10個分貝。

Turns out just the sounds of traffic scared away a third of the area's usual avian visitors, and cut species diversity too. And birds of multiple species were not able to pack on as much fat to fuel their migrations, when they were forced to dine to the soundtrack of traffic.
研究結果表明，僅僅這些交通噪音，就會嚇跑該地區三分之一的通常的鳥類遊客，同時也能減少物種的多樣性。不同物種的鳥類不能夠存貯足夠的脂肪來為自己的遷徙提供能量，所以，它們只能被迫以交通的背景音為食。

Follow-up experiments in the lab found that, when it's noisy, birds spend a lot less time head down, pecking at food, and a lot more time scanning their surroundings. "You can imagine if you take away that ability to listen for predators, birds need to compensate by looking around more. It sort of wastes their time, right? Instead of spending their time eating they have to spend their time doing other things." The study is in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
在實驗室後續的研究發現，在有噪音的時候，鳥低頭啄食的時間會減少，而會花費更多的時間來審視周圍的環境。「可以想像一下，如果被剝奪了聽周圍捕食者的能 力，鳥類只能通過更多的環視周圍的環境來彌補。而這樣有些浪費它們的時間，對嗎?他們沒有花時間吃飯，而是在做其他的事情。」這樣研究結果發表在《美國國 家科學院院刊》上。

Ware says Yosemite, Glacier and Rocky Mountain National Parks all have roads that are busy enough to produce these effects. And, short of closing park roads to traffic, she says things like rubberized asphalt and lower speed limits could help cut the noise. "Glacier National Park is going to put up signs, that instead of showing your speed and preventing people from speeding, it's going to show how loud their car is on the road." Which, hopefully, will continue to encourage wilderness lovers to leave no trace—visible or audible.
瓦雷說，約塞米蒂、冰川和落基山國家公園，都有這樣的道路。這些道路非常的繁忙，就會造成這樣的影響。除了關閉國家公園的道路這樣的方法之外，橡膠瀝青、 降低限速限制，這些方法都可以減少噪音。冰川國家公園將會貼出標識，不是要炫耀你的速度，而要防止人們加速，同時標識也將會顯示你的車在路上的噪音度。希 望，這種做法，能繼續鼓勵那些大自然的愛好者們不要在荒野中留下痕跡——可見的或可聞的。