字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Bear Gut Microbes Help Prep Hibernation / 微生物幫助熊準備冬眠

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science

康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://yiwen.cdstm.cn/attach/resource/201603/4/124930X0C.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Does a bear produce feces in the woods? And do enterprising researchers then scoop that poop to analyze its microbial composition? You bet they do! And what they find is that the ursine intestinal microbiome changes dramatically during hibernation, an internal microbial shakeup that could help bears do their big metabolic chill.
熊會在樹林中便便麼？而敬業的研究人員會收集熊的糞便並分析其中的微生物麼？他們還真的這樣做了！研究人員發現，在冬眠期間，熊的腸道微生物發生了劇烈的變化，這種微生物混合物減緩了熊的新陳代謝。

Brown bears spend the summer beefing up in preparation for their winter snooze. They eat and eat and they pack on the pounds. Yet despite this seasonal gluttony and weight gain, the bears appear to be immune to developing diabetes or the other metabolic disorders that befall yo-yo dieters of the human variety.
棕熊用整個夏天來養胖自己以準備冬日長睡。它們吃啊吃，胖啊胖。然而，儘管經過了這種季節性的暴飲暴食和體重暴漲，熊並沒有像悠悠球節食者（yo-yo dieter, 反復減肥而又反彈的人）那樣患上糖尿病或是其他的代謝性疾病。

So researchers theorized that gut bacteria might play a role. To check out that idea, the scientists collected scat from captured wild brown bears both during their season of feasting and during hibernation. And in case you’re wondering, they went in and got the stuff before it even hit the ground. If you get my drift. 
因此研究人員認為腸道微生物在這個過程中應該貢獻。為了驗證這個理論，研究人員收集了暴食與冬眠時自由放養的熊的糞便。或許你納悶他們怎麼採集糞便，他們在糞便碰到地上之前就採集到它們，你明白了麼？

An analysis of the excrement showed that bears’ summer bacteria are more diverse and include species that tend to promote energy storage. What’s more, when the researchers stripped mice of their own microbes and gave them the bacteria from bears, the rodents that received the summer sampler got fatter than those with the winter set—evidence that the microbiome is indeed affecting metabolism. The results appear in the journal Cell Reports. [Felix Sommer et al, The Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos]
一項排泄物的測試表明，熊的夏季細菌種類更為複雜，並包括了那些促進能量貯存的細菌。研究人員進行了實驗，清除了小鼠腸道的細菌，並移植了從熊的腸道中採集到的細菌樣本。那些獲取了夏季樣本的小鼠，相對於獲取了冬季樣本的小鼠增肥得更快。這項證據證明了這些微生物確實會影響新陳代謝。該結論發表在《細胞報導》(Cell Reports)上。[Felix Sommer et al, The Gut Microbiota Modulates Energy Metabolism in the Hibernating Brown Bear Ursus arctos]

The researchers do not yet know whether fiddling with our own gut bacteria could help us shed excess weight. Or whether any such microbial diet plan would necessitate a very long winter’s nap.
研究人員還不知道，改造我們的腸道微生物是否會協助我們減少過多的體重，或者這些微生物是否會使人陷入漫長的冬眠。