字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Chicken Scent Deters Malaria Mosquitoes / 預防瘧疾有奇招養隻雞讓瘧蚊退避三舍

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2016/20160721sa_tech.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
In Africa's battle against malaria, two low-tech tactics—insecticides and bed nets—have done a decent job killing off mosquitoes. "But it's mainly one species that's been affected. That's a species called Anopheles gambiae, sometimes called the African malaria mosquito.” Rickard Ignell, a chemical ecologist at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
在非洲抗擊瘧疾的戰鬥中，兩個低科技手段：用殺蟲劑和蚊帳來殺死蚊子。但這兩種手段只是主要讓一個物種受到影響。這是一種叫做甘比亞按蚊的物種。有時被稱為非洲瘧疾蚊子。瑞典農業科學大學，化學生態學家，Rickard Ignell表示。

He says, despite that success, the problem is far from solved. For one, mosquitoes are developing resistance to insecticides. And two, there are many other species that can spread the disease. Including one that's common in the horn of Africa: Anopheles arabiensis.
他表示，儘管作用如此成功，這個問題還遠沒有解決。其一，蚊子正在產生對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。其二，還有許多其他物種能傳播疾病。其中一個物種是非洲之角常見的——阿拉伯按蚊。

Unlike the pickier gambiae, its palate is wide-ranging. Arabiensis sucks the blood of cattle, sheep, goats. But… not chickens. "First of all, chickens like mosquitoes. So they'll actively feed on mosquitoes and other insects. So avoiding chickens could be a way of surviving, and evolving a way of smelling the chickens could be an early warning system for them."
與挑剔的甘比亞按蚊不同的是，在口感上，它的範圍更加廣泛。阿拉伯按蚊會吸牛、綿羊、山羊的血，但是…不會吸雞的血。“首先，雞喜歡蚊子，因此它們會以蚊子和其他昆蟲為食。所以，避免吃雞肉是生存下來的一種方式。使聞雞的味道的這種方式得到進化，將會成為一個早期預警系統。

And it turns out, that aversion to chickens can be used against the insects. Ignell and his colleagues isolated chemical compounds from chicken feathers, and dispensed them next to a human sleeping under a bed net—a human lure. And they found that fewer mosquitoes came round for a snack, due to the repellent chemicals. The findings appear in the Malaria Journal. [Kassahun T. Jaleta et al., Chicken volatiles repel host-seeking malaria mosquitoes]
而且事實證明，利用對雞的反感可以對付昆蟲。 Ignell 和他的研究團隊將來自羽毛中的化合物分離出來。把它放置在睡在蚊帳裡的人的旁邊——人為誘惑。由於討厭這種化學物質，他們發現很少的蚊子會進入蚊帳吸食鮮血，該項研究結果發表在《瘧疾雜誌》上。

Ignell says this chicken cologne won't be immediately available. "Ideally the world would be like that, that we could bottle it up and send it off and they don't have to pay anything. But that's not the case obviously." Luckily, there's an equally effective substitute. "We can actually reduce the number of mosquitoes indoors by just using a chicken. So that's probably the cheapest option."
Ignell表示，這種雞味的科隆香水現在不能立即擁有，最理想的世界應該是這樣的，我們可以把它裝進瓶子裡，然後讓味道散發出去，並且他們不需要付出什麼。但是顯然情況並非如此。幸運的是，有一個同樣有效的替代品，我們可以通過在室內使用一隻雞來減少蚊子的數量。可能這是最便宜的選擇。”