字神帝國英語天地

 
 今日主題：Bats Beat Ebola with Hypervigilant Immunity  免疫缺陷 蝙蝠可戰勝伊波拉

 洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
 康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

 建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voa…/2016/20160325sa_health.mp3

 只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

 中英文稿：
When a virus invades your cells, it kicks your immune machinery into motion. The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons. "And they trigger downstream immune responses. So you can kind of think of them as the hormones of the immune system. They're triggered and then they stimulate a bunch of other immune responses that are more specific to that pathogen.” Michelle Baker, a comparative immunologist at the Australian Animal Health Laboratory.
當病毒入侵身體細胞，免疫系統開始工作。首先起作用的就是信號蛋白，也稱為干擾素。干擾素會觸發下游免疫反應。所以，你可以把他們想像成免疫系統的荷爾 蒙。免疫系統被激發後，就會刺激引發一系列的特定病原體的免疫反應。蜜雪兒•貝克，是澳大利亞動物衛生實驗室的比較免疫學家。

In the spirit of comparative immunology, Baker and her colleagues looked at how another mammal—the black flying fox, a type of bat—handles infections. They sequenced its immunity genes, and observed the immune response in normal bat cells. And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol. Meaning the proteins do not wait to be activated by invaders. And the researchers say that this constant state of high alert may be why bats can carry Ebola, Nipah virus, and a whole lot of other infections with no symptoms at all. The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
基於比較免疫學理論，貝克和同事們觀察了哺乳動物——黑狐蝠處理疾病的方式。他們測試了免疫基因順序，並觀察了正常蝙蝠細胞的免疫反應。貝克發現，與我們 不同，蝙蝠體內一直有干擾素在起作用。這意味著蛋白質不需要入侵者啟動。研究人員稱這種持續的高警戒狀態可能是蝙蝠為什麼可以攜帶伊波拉病毒、尼帕病毒， 以及疾病，但是卻沒有任何症狀。該研究結果發表在《美國國家科學院院刊》上。

So why not switch on those interferons 24/7 in humans? Well in us, they also tend to cause lots of inflammation and cell damage. Like the symptoms you feel from the flu—a lot of that is your immune system's fault. But the key might be to do as the bats do. "If we can just skew the response of our immune system so it triggers an antiviral response without the pro-inflammatory effects, then we might have something we can work with in terms of a novel therapeutic for humans." Bats have long been known to harbor disease. So it would be fitting if they also taught us how to fight it.
為什麼不將人體的干擾素進行啟動呢?對我們人體來說，這樣會引起大量的炎症和細胞損傷。免疫系統缺失出現的症狀跡象感染流感病毒一樣。但是問題的關鍵就是 我們模仿蝙蝠。如果我們可以更改我們的免疫系統，就可以引發沒有任何炎症作用的抗病毒反應，我們可以利用治療人類疾病的新的工作。人類早就知道，蝙蝠可以 誘發疾病，所以，向蝙蝠學習怎樣抗擊疾病，再合適過了。