👑字神老師推薦:加強英聽力最好的課外教材:60-Second Science
👑康康精選各考試中重要主題,堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!
👑今日主題:鯨魚先思後“言”
Right Whales Seem To Think Before They Speak
🍄建議堅聽四步驟:
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍,直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿,看哪聽不出來,單字沒背過,還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽,就能每天進步哦。
#科學人SSS
🍄MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽):喜歡的同學,幫忙推或按讚哦~~
https://goo.gl/rVFtBb
🍄 只有音檔怎夠,有聽不懂地方,不用怕,
老師都幫你準備好中英文稿了哦:
🍄中英文稿:
As animals grow, the sounds they make change. But some sounds continue to change, even after an animal matures. That's true for humans, and now it turns out to be true for North Atlantic right whales, too.
隨著動物的成長,它們的聲音也發生了變化。但即使動物長大後,一些聲音也會繼續發生變化。這對於人類來說這是事實,現在對北大西洋鯨魚來說也是如此。
A member of the baleen family of whales, the endangered North Atlantic right whales spend most of their time along the eastern coast of North America from Canada's Bay of Fundy south to Florida.
鯨魚作為鯨族的一員,瀕臨絕種的北大西洋鯨魚,大部分時間都沿著北美東部海岸,從加拿大的芬迪灣南部到佛羅里達。
Syracuse University biologist Holly Root-Gutteridge analyzed recordings of whale calls to see if researchers could use those sounds to identify individual whales. In an audio program on a computer screen, a call has a particular shape.
"Staring at these calls all day, I started to notice they were changing. And then we looked a little bit harder at the data, and realized that they weren't just changing from being a little tiny baby to being a fair sized adult…but that they kept changing over time."
錫拉丘茲大學生物學家Holly Root-Gutteridge分析了鯨魚呼叫的錄音,看研究人員,是否可以使用這些聲音來識別鯨魚。在電腦螢幕上的音訊節目中,通話具有特定的形狀。“整天盯著這些音訊,我開始注意到他們正在改變,然後我們看資料越來越困難,並意識到,他們不僅僅是從一個小嬰兒變成成年鯨...... 但他們一直在不斷變化。”
Root-Gutteridge and her colleagues rounded up seventeen years' worth of whale recordings. In all, they gathered nearly a thousand calls from 49 individual whales between the ages of one month and 37 years.
Root-Gutteridge和她的同事收集了十七年的鯨魚記錄。總的來說,他們在一個月至37歲之間,聚集了來自49頭個體鯨魚的近千條聲音。
Like many other animals, the calls of the infants were both shorter and less structured than those of the adults. Mature whales produced calls that were clearer, longer, and more structurally complex. But the researchers also found that the calls continued to develop long after the whales reached sexual and physical maturity.
像許多其他動物一樣,嬰兒的呼喚比成年人的聲音更短且結構更少。成年鯨魚產生的呼叫更清晰、更長、結構更複雜。但研究人員還發現,在鯨魚達到性和身體成熟之後的很長一段時間內,這些呼聲仍在繼續發展。
"Instead of just changing from the age of 0 to 15 when they're pretty much full-grown, they kept changing after the age of 15 and just kept going throughout their whole lives. Compared to say, a bird, where usually they get to their full-grown state and then they don't change these calls."
“相比之下,從0歲到15歲的時候,他們幾乎是成熟的,他們在15歲後不斷變化,並一直持續一生。相比之下,一隻鳥通常會在他們完全成長後,然後他們不會改變這些呼聲。”
The results were published in the journal Animal Behaviour.
該研究結果發表在動物行為期刊上。
"Well, it means that instead of having a completely instinctive reaction where they always make the same call in response to the same stimuli—a reflex, basically—that the whales are capable of changing what they're calling and how they're communicating. Which means that they may be thinking about what they call."
“好吧,這意味著它不是完全本能的反應,他們總是對相同的刺激,做出相同的呼聲——基本上是一種反射——鯨魚能夠改變他們所調用的內容,以及他們如何溝通,這意味著他們可能會考慮他們的呼叫。“
In other words, understanding the calls of North Atlantic right whales might shed some light on the minds of North Atlantic right whales.In the meantime, scientists announced recently that they did not observe any newly born North Atlantic right whales this year—bad news for an already imperiled species. With luck, the work of biologists like Root-Gutteridge might offer insights that help us we try to help them survive.
換句話說,理解北大西洋鯨魚的呼喚,可能會讓北大西洋鯨魚的頭腦更加清晰。同時,科學家們最近宣佈,他們今年沒有觀察到,任何新出生的北大西洋鯨魚——這是壞消息,一個已經危險的物種。幸運的是,像Root-Gutteridge這樣的生物學家的工作,可能會提供幫助我們的見解。
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