0523  

今日主題:Selective Breeding Molds Foxes into Pets / 狐狸成狗

洪欣老師推薦:托福聽力最好的課外教材:60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題,堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法:
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2.
再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍,直到寫出85%以上的字)
3.
最後check文稿,看哪聽不出來,單字沒背過,還是發音不熟。
4.
堅持天天聽,就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔(按右鍵可下載聽):喜歡的同學,幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/2017/20170503sa_mind.mp3

只有音檔怎夠,聽不懂地方,不用怕,
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了:

中英文稿:
Want to make a dog? Well, wolves evolved into dogs at least once. But it turns out you can also make what’s basically a dog by starting with wild foxes. Select the ones that do not seem to want to tear the researcher’s face off and mate them to produce the next generation.
想要製造狗嗎?狼經過至少一次的交配就可以演變成狗。但是結果表明,你也可以讓一隻野生的狐狸演變成狗。選擇那些比較溫順的,不會將研究人員的臉剝皮的狐狸,與狗進行交配,就可以產生下一代。


“Within five or six generations of this selecting the calmest animals, they had animals that were wagging their tails when Lyudmila would approach them, that were licking her hand when she put it into the cage.”
經過56次這樣選擇最溫順的動物,研究人員選擇那些Lyudmila靠近後,會搖尾巴,將它們放入籠子裡會舔他的手的動物。


University of Louisville evolutionary biologist Lee Dugatkin, talking about Lyudmila Trut of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics in Siberia.
路易斯維爾大學進化生物學家Lee Dugatkin和西伯利亞細胞學和遺傳學研究所的Lyudmila Trut進行了討論。


“And this is strictly as a result of genetic selection. These animals are not trained to do this, they don’t learn, there’s no mechanism in the experiment for them to learn anything, what you’re looking at is the result of genetic selection.”
這是嚴格基因選擇的結果,這些動物並沒有經過訓練來做這些,它們沒有學習,在這次實驗中沒有任何的機制讓這些動物去學習。你們所看到的都是基因選擇的結果。


Trut started this fox domestication experiment in the late 1950s at the age of 25 and is still running it today. She and her team are approaching their 60th generation of foxes. But they saw profound changes early on.
Trut
25歲,20世紀50年代的時候,就開始了馴化狐狸的實驗,現在實驗仍在進行。她和團隊們正在接觸第60代狐狸。但是在早期他們看到了狐狸巨大的變化。


“Within five generations of selection they had these animals that were extraordinarily docile towards humans. And then slowly but surely, so many of the other traits that we see in domesticated animals, also began to appear in these tame foxes...they tend to have floppy ears and curly tails and they tend to have much more juvenalized facial characteristics.”
在第五代的選擇中,這些動物對人類都非常的溫順。然後慢慢地,馴化的動物的一些其他的特徵也開始在這些馴服的狐狸中出現它們耷拉著耳朵,捲曲著尾巴,有很多明顯的面部特徵。


Trut and Dugatkin are the co-authors of the new book How to Tame a Fox (and Build a Dog) about this long-term study. They also wrote an article about the fox experiment in the May issue of Scientific American. An in-depth discussion with Dugatkin is available as a Science Talk podcast on our Web site.
Trut
Dugatkin合著的一本新書《如何馴服一隻狐狸(並塑造一隻狗狗)》,這本書介紹了這個長期的研究。她們寫的關於狐狸實驗的文章也會出版在5月份的《科學美國人》期刊上。想要與Dugatkin進行深入的討論,那麼就來科學美國然網上上的科學討論播客節目吧。

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