字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：Roach Reactions to Venom Point to Targeted Pesticides
蟑螂對毒液的反應有助於研製有針對性的殺蟲劑

洪欣老師推薦：托福聽力最好的課外教材：60-Second Science
康康精選托福會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://online1.tingclass.net/voaspe/…/20140804sa_science.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Roach Reactions to Venom Point to Targeted Pesticides
蟑螂對毒液的反應有助於研製有針對性的殺蟲劑

An honest error has led to promising research into the development of species-specific insecticides. The account is in the journal Nature Communications. [Niraj S. Bende et al,A distinct sodium channel voltage-sensor locus determines insect selectivity of the spider toxin Dc1a]
一個誠實的錯誤，導致了科研人員對有前途的物種特有殺蟲劑的研發。詳細研究被發表在《自然通訊》雜誌上。

A team of Johns Hopkins scientists study sodium channels responsible for electrical signaling in nerve cells from humans and from cockroaches. Spider venom protein messes with these sodium channels—that’s why venom is dangerous. So the researchers use spider venom protein to disrupt the channels and thus clarify exactly how the channels function.
約翰霍普金斯大學的一個科學家研究小組，在人類和蟑螂神經細胞裡研究負責電氣信號鈉離子通道。用蜘蛛毒液蛋白來干擾通道——這就說明為什麼毒液是危險的。研究人員用蜘蛛毒液干擾鈉離子通道，因此恰好闡明了通道是如何運行的。

The researchers recently asked for venom protein samples from Australian collaborators. And the Aussies accidentally included a spider venom protein that has no effect on humans or American cockroaches.
研究人員最近從澳大利亞合作者那裡尋找來毒液蛋白樣品，並且意外發現澳大利亞提供的這些樣本中存在一個對人類和美國蟑螂沒有影響的蜘蛛毒液蛋白樣品。

In their tests, the Hopkins researchers found when sodium channels from German cockroaches were exposed to the mistakenly included sample, their activity skyrocketed, enough to cause death-inducing seizures.
霍普金斯大學研究人員發現在他們的測試中，當在德國蟑螂神經細胞裡的鈉離子通道接觸這個錯誤的特別樣本時，它們情緒高漲，行為異常活躍，足夠引起它們痙攣，甚至死亡。

Intrigued that the American roach sodium channel laughed off the venom that would kill the German roach, the scientists found a key region on the two species’ channels that differed by only two amino acids.
對美國蟑螂鈉離子通道毫無影響力的毒液，卻可以殺死德國蟑螂，這引起了大家的興趣。研究人員發現一個關鍵資訊，這兩個物種通道有兩個不同的氨基酸。

The scientists say the information could help with the creation of insecticides that target one harmful insect species without hurting beneficial ones, like bees.
科學家稱，這個信息可以有助於殺蟲劑的創造，這種殺蟲劑會針對有害的昆蟲，而不傷害像蜜蜂這樣有益的昆蟲。

As the study authors note: “The more specific a toxin's target, the less dangerous it is for everything else."
—Cynthia Graber
就像這項研究的作者所說的：“殺蟲劑的目標越具體，對一切別的物種的傷害就越小。”—辛西婭•格雷柏