字神帝國英語天地

2018/6/2托福綜合寫作重複2017/01/07

閱讀主要觀點提取：

海龜（sea turtles）數量急劇下降，已經瀕臨滅絕。有幾種方法可以阻止海龜數量繼續下降。

第一種方法是修建一種金屬圍欄（metal fences）來保護海龜蛋不被捕食者吃掉。由於海龜蛋經常被捕食者吃掉，所以在海龜蛋的周圍修建鐵絲柵欄可以保護他們。

第二種方法是禁止使用塑料袋。海龜常常因為將塑料袋當作水母（jellyfish）吃掉而死亡。所以只要倡導使用紙袋而不是塑料袋便可以保護海龜。

第三種方法是制定一個法律讓漁民捕魚的時候使用海龜逃離器（turtle excluders）。漁民之前捕魚的時候所用的漁網會迫使海龜窒息而死。如果漁民使用海龜逃離器可以避免海龜游到漁網中，以減少海龜的死亡率。

聽力主要觀點提取：

閱讀中的每種方法都有缺陷（weakness）。

第一，修建金屬圍欄會對海龜以後的生存和繁殖產生不利影響。在海龜蛋旁邊修建了金屬圍欄，會干擾磁場（distort magnetic field）。幼小的海龜就不能發展對它們生存至關重要的磁場感來航行。

第二，禁用塑料袋也不能有效的解決問題。因為海洋裡已經有數千億甚至數萬億的塑料袋。這些塑料袋需要數百年分解（decompose），即使它們分解了還是會對海龜有害。

第三，漁民不會願意使用海龜逃離器。因為使用海龜逃離器會減少他們的捕魚量，因而減少他們的收入。所以，即使有法律要求他們使用，他們也會偷偷拿掉海龜逃離器，當回到岸邊的時候再安裝上去。

範文：

The professor discusses that each suggestion to help reverse the decline in sea turtle population put forward by the writer has a weakness.

First, the writer says that building metal fences around turtle eggs could protect them from predators. But the professor makes the point that turtles may have troubles in surviving and reproducing later if they are protected by wire fences. The young sea turtles might not develop the magnetic sense properly If wire fences are around them. It is because metal fences would distort the magnetic field.

Second, as for the banning of the plastic bags, the professor states that it would not solve the problem. Because of the wide use of the plastic bags for a long time, there are already billions if not trillions of plastic bags in the ocean, and it takes hundreds of years to decompose these plastic bags. Even bags can slowly break up into smaller pieces, they remain harmful to sea turtles.

Finally, the professor holds the opinion that the benefit of using turtle excluders is very limit which is contrary to the reading material. The simple reason is that the fishers are reluctant to use excluders. By using these turtle excluders, the fisher’ income would decline because the number of fish they catch would reduce. So they would not use it the whole time. They may remove the excluders once they are not seen and then put it back when they return to the shore.