今日主題：Gun control without guns 以無槍方式管控槍支
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
#BBC 六分鐘英語 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1082.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English– the show that brings you an interesting topic, authentic listening practice and vocabulary to help you improve your language skills. I’m Dan…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。本節目會奉上有趣的話題，純正的聽力練習和單詞，説明你提高語言技能。我是丹。
And I’m Neil. In this programme we’ll be discussing armed police, as well as teaching you six new items of vocabulary, of course.
我是尼爾。在今天的節目中我們將討論武警，同時教你六個新單詞。
Can we get this done quickly today Neil? Only I’ve got to shoot off to a party later.
今天我們能快點說嗎，尼爾？之後我還要迅速轉場參加一個聚會。
Shoot off meaning leave quickly. Of course we can. And it’s funny that you should mention shooting because our topic this week is gun control without guns.
Shoot off是指迅速離開。我們當然可以了。很有意思，你提到shooting（射擊）一次，因為我們這周的主題就是以無槍手段控制槍支。
Is that so?I have a question about that for you.
真的嗎？我有一個問題要問你。
Fire away then.
提問吧。
Fire away, an expression giving permission for someone to ask a question or speak. So, which country has the oldest gun control laws in the world? Is it a) USA, b) Iceland or c) Japan?
Fire away這個短語是指允許對方發問或說話。世界上哪個國家擁有最悠久的槍支管控法律。 a) 美國, b) 冰島，還是 c) 日本？
I’m going to guess b) Iceland, just because I’ve never been there.
我猜是冰島，因為我沒去過。
Well, we’ll find out if you’re right a bit later on. Now, imagine the scene. You are a police officer who has been called out to deal with an incident. When you arrive on scene you find a dangerous criminal. Do you reach for a gun, or a blanket?
之後我們再看你回答得是否正確。現在，想像一個場景。你是一名員警，奉命出動處理一個事件。當你到達現場，你發現你遇到了一個危險的罪犯。你會伸手拿槍還是伸手拿毯子？
It’s got to be a gun.
會拿槍。
Well, in most countries in the world you’d be right, but not in Japan. Despite carrying guns, Japanese police almost never use them. Instead they rely on a combination of martial arts and in many cases where a person is violent, they bring out the futon – which is a kind of blanket– and they wrap them up and restrain them, or prevent them from moving.
在世界的大多數國家，你做的沒錯，但在日本不行。儘管日本員警也配有搶，但他們幾乎從不使用。相反，他們依靠武術，在大多情況下當對方很暴力時，他們會拿出蒲團，一種毯子，把對方纏起來，控制他們，限制他們移動。
You’re pulling my leg.
你一定在跟我開玩笑。
Nope! Listen to Japanese journalist Anthony Berteaux describe the situation:
沒有！我們來聽聽日本記者安東尼•貝多描述這個場景：
What most Japanese police will do is to get huge futons essentially roll up the person who is being violent or drunk into a little burrito and carry them back to the station, and calm them down. The response to violence is never violence, it’s always to de-escalate it.
大多數日本員警會拿出巨大的蒲團，像裹玉米餅一樣，將暴力或喝醉的人員裹起來，將他們帶離現場，讓他們冷靜下來。不應該以暴制暴，要逐步降低暴力。
So, they safely restrain the person and wait for the situation to de-escalate, or become less intense.
所以他們會很安全地把人員控制住，等待暴力局面逐步降級，不那麼緊張。
Unless a criminal has a gun, Japanese police never fire their weapons.
除非犯罪人員有槍，日本員警從來不會用武器開火。
Surely that means that the criminals always have the advantage then?
所以這就意味著犯罪人員總是佔有先機嗎？
You’d think so, but no. It seems that guns don’t really feature in crimes much in Japan.
你也許會這麼想，但事實上不是這樣的。在日本很少有持槍犯罪的。
Well, that’s astonishing. So do you think the criminals don’t carry guns because the police don’t carry guns or that the police don’t carry guns because the criminals don’t carry guns?
這太讓人驚訝了。你覺得犯罪分子不持槍是因為員警不持槍，還是員警不持槍是因為犯罪分子不持槍？
Wow, that makes my head hurt! Well I don’t know, but listen to what Iain Overton, the Executive Director of Action on Armed Violence says about armed police in society.
你說的我頭都疼了！我不知道，我們聽聽武裝暴力行動的執行主管伊恩•奧夫頓講述社會中的武警。
The American model has been militarise the police, but the challenge I have is that there is very little evidence that a more militarised police results in a more peaceful society. And I’m very concerned that if you have too many police pulling out guns at the first incidence of crimethen you lead to a miniature arms race between police and criminals.
美國模式是將員警軍事化，但目前的挑戰是，很少有證據顯示，員警軍事化程度越高，社會越和平穩定。我擔心，如果在第一犯罪現場，有太多員警掏出槍，會導致員警和犯罪分子之間小規模的裝備競賽。
So, America tends to militarise its police meaning to equip them and use them as an army…
所以，美國傾向于將員警軍事化，也就是給員警配備槍支，將員警視為軍隊。
…and that causes an arms race with the criminals, which is a competition between two groups to have more weapons than the other group.
這會導致員警與犯罪分子之間的裝備競賽，也就是兩支隊伍之間在武器數量上的比拼。
He also said that there’s not a strong connection between armed police and a peaceful society. So, does that mean that Japanese society is more peaceful?
他還說道，武警和和平社會之間沒有很強的聯繫。這是不是意味著日本社會更加和平？
Well, violent crime still happens there, but criminals tend to carry other weapons, such as swords and knives,but at least it’s a step in the right direction. Now, can you remember the quiz question I asked?
日本依舊有暴力犯罪，但犯罪分子傾向于攜帶其他武器，如劍和刀，至少方向上邁出了正確一步。還記得我的問題嗎？
I think so. You asked me which country has the oldest gun control laws in the world? Is it a) USA, b) Iceland or c) Japan? And I said b) Iceland.
我想我記得。你問我世界上哪個國家擁有最悠久的槍支管控法律？ a) 美國, b) 冰島，還是 c) 日本？我選的是 b) 冰島。
Well, I’m sorry Neil, that’s not right. But, don’t shoot the messenger, OK? It’s Japan, which implemented its gun control laws in 1685.
很抱歉，你答錯了。別向我這個信使開槍，好嗎？正確答案是日本，1685年他們就實施了槍支管控法律。
How interesting. Now, let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this programme.
很有意思。現在我們看看今天的單詞。
Sure, we had shoot off. If you shoot off, it means you leave somewhere in a hurry. What type of verb is it Neil? Can you give us an example?
我們提到了shoot off（迅速離開）。如果你要shoot off，就是你要匆忙離開某地。這是哪種動詞類型呢？你能給我們一個例子嗎？
It’s a phrasal verb so it’s used conversationally and usually in an informal context. As for an example, when he heard his wife was sick, he shot off to the hospital. Synonyms could be dash off or run off. Next we had fire away. Now, fire away is an expression giving permission for someone to ask a question or speak. Can you think of any other ways to say the same thing, Dan, if I said, can I ask you a question?
這是一個動詞片語，常用於口語或非正式文本。舉一個例子，當他聽到他的妻子病了時，他飛速前往醫院。同義詞有dash off 和 run off。下一個單詞是 fire away。這是指允許他人提問或話說。你能想到其他方式表達這個意思嗎？如果我說，我能問你一個問題嗎？
I’d say yes, of course, go ahead, please do, or by all means. Restrain. If you restrain someone, you prevent them from moving. In another sense, you might restrain yourself from doing something – for example: eating chocolate! Have you ever had to restrain your children from anything, Neil?
我會說可以，當然，你說，請說，當然可以。控制，如果你控制某人，你就是限制他們移動。另一種意思，你也許要限制自己不做某事，例如，不吃巧克力。你會限制你的孩子做什麼事嗎？
I have to restrain my children all the time, Dan, otherwise they would fight like mad. I have to pull them apart and restrain them. OK, de-escalate –If something de-escalates, it becomes less intense. This is often used in the context of conflicts or argument. Can you think of a historical example, Dan?
我得隨時限制他們，不然他們要像瘋了一樣地打鬧。我得把他們拉開，限制他們。好的，下一個詞是 de-escalate，如果某物逐步降級，就是指不再緊張。通常用於衝突和爭吵的語境中。你能想到一個歷史案例嗎，丹？
Well, in the 1960s the Cuban missile crises escalated over a period of two weeks and de-escalated only after diplomatic negotiations were successful. But it was pretty close to World War 3 at one point! Militarise. If something is militarised, it is equipped and used like an army. Give me an example of people who have become militarised, Neil.
在20世紀60年代時，古巴導彈危機在兩周內升級，在外交協商成功後，才逐步緩解。當時第三次世界大戰很有可能一觸即發。軍事化。如果某物被軍事化，就是被裝備起來，像軍隊一樣。舉一個人們被軍事化的例子吧。
Yes, when I was a student in the United Kingdom some of the foreign students had to go home to take part in national service – that’s join the army for a couple of years – so they became militarised. Now, an arms race. An arms race is a competition between two groups to gain more weapons than the other group. Got an example of that, Dan?
當我在英國上學時，一些外國學生會回國服兵役，也就是參軍幾年，所以他們會被軍事化。現在談談軍備競賽。軍備競賽是指兩支隊伍就武器數量上的比拼。能舉一個例子嗎？
The most famous example of this is the Cold War. Both the USSR and the USA became involved in an arms race to stockpile as many nuclear weapons as possible. Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon!
最著名的例子就是冷戰了。蘇聯和美國進行軍備競賽，盡可能多的儲存武器。今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。我們下次再會！
And we are on social media too, so make sure to visit us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.
我們還有社交媒體，可以訪問我們的Facebook，Twitter， Instagram和 YouTube。
Bye!
再見！
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