今日主題：Can you trust your own eyes? 你能相信自己的眼睛嗎？
凱妃老師&派老師共同推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!
建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。
#BBC 六分鐘英語 MP3音檔 (按右鍵可下載聽)：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/1080.mp3
只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，
康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：
中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Catherine…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語，我是凱薩琳。
And I’m Neil.
我是尼爾。
So, Neil, do you notice anything different about me today?
尼爾，你注意到我今天有什麼不同嗎？
Have you done your hair differently?
你換了不一樣的髮型？
No.
不是。
Is that a new outfit?
這是新外套？
Honestly, Neil!
老老實實說，尼爾！
I give up. I don’t know what’s different about you.
我放棄了。我看不出你有哪點不一樣。
OK. Well, maybe by the end of the show you’ll have figured it out. Anyway, today we’re discussing memory and whether we can remember things accurately.So are you ready to answer today’s quiz question, Neil?
也許到了節目最後，你可以弄明白。總之，我們今天要談論記憶，以及我們是否能夠準確地記憶事物。你準備好回答今天的問題了嗎，尼爾？
I am.
我準備好了。
OK. So in which part of the brain is there an area dedicated to remembering faces?Is it…a) the temporal lobe? b) the hypothalamus? or c) the cerebellum?
大腦中的哪部分負責記憶面孔？a) 顳葉？b)下丘腦？還是c) 小腦？
Well, I have no idea. But I’ll say a) the temporal lobe.
我不知道。但我想選a) 顳葉。
OK and we’ll find out whether you chose the correct answer later on in the show. But let’s talk more about how our memories can play tricks on us. We tend to think of memory as being like a video recorder that we can replay and recall again and again as it originally occurred. But memory doesn’t work like that. It’s a reconstructive process.
好的，之後我們看你選擇得是否正確。但我們現在談談我們的記憶是如何欺騙我們的。我們傾向於將記憶想成一個錄影機，我們可以將其重放，一遍一遍像原本發生的一樣喚起記憶。但記憶並不是這樣運作的。記憶是一個重建的過程。
A reconstructive process?
一個重建的過程？
Yes. We reconstruct - or rebuild - memories, and during this process, they may be distorted – or changed – for different reasons. Let’s listen to Tim Valentine, retired professor of psychology at Goldsmith’s College at the University of London, talking about this.
沒錯。我們會重建記憶，在這個過程中，記憶會因為不同的原因而扭曲，或者說發生改變。我們聽聽蒂姆•瓦倫丁，倫敦大學金史密斯學院退休的心理學教授談論這一點。
From all those TV dramas you’ve watched you’ll be familiar with the forensic scenes of crimes officers wearing their paper suits and covering their shoes and their hairto make sure they don’t introduce their DNA or physical traces onto the crime scene. So that in the same way anybody who has any interaction with a witness needs to make sure that they don’t distort their memory.
你看過的所有電視劇，你一定熟悉在命案現場進行司法鑒定的法醫，他們穿著紙裝，罩著鞋和頭髮，確保他們不會將自己的DNA或生理痕跡帶到犯罪現場。所以同樣的，和目擊證人有任何接觸的人需要確保他們不會扭曲記憶。
So crime officers wear protective clothing at crime scenes so they don’t contaminate it with their DNA.
所以調查人員在犯罪現場穿上保護性服裝，這樣他們的DNA不會弄髒了現場證據。
That’s right. A crime scene is a place where a crime was committed. And contaminated means made impure through contact with an outside source. So for example, if an officer touches something without gloves on, they introduce new information. And once this has happened, you can’t get back to the original information.
沒錯。犯罪現場是指一項犯罪發生的地方。contaminated是指通過接觸外部來源變得不純。例如，如果一名調查人員不戴手套接觸某物，就會添入新資訊。一旦這種情況發生，你就不能再提取原有資訊。
Now, Tim Valentine says that when police officers talk to the witness of a crime, they might also introduce new information. And this could change the witness’s memory of what happened.
蒂姆•瓦倫丁說當調查人員和犯罪現場的目擊者談話時，他們也許會添加新的資訊。這也許會改變目擊者對發生事件的記憶。
And it isn’t only police questioning that can distort memory. Other factors such as stress can affect your ability to recall events accurately. For example, if you’re being held at knifepoint you are likely to be concentrating on the weapon rather than on your attacker’s face. And at knifepoint means under threat of being stabbed.
不僅僅是員警的提問會造成記憶的扭曲。其他因素，例如壓力也會影響你準確回憶事件的能力。例如，如果你被刀尖抵著，你的注意力會更多地放在武器上，而不是攻擊者的臉。at knifepoint 是指在刀尖的威脅下。
So why do we place so much importance on eyewitness accounts?
所以為什麼我們把目擊者證詞看得如此重要呢？
Eyewitness accounts can sound very convincing in court– but in fact according to research, they are often unreliable. Karen Newirth, senior attorney at the Innocence Project in New York, explains this further.
目擊者證詞在法庭上很有說服力。但事實上，根據調查，證詞經常不可靠。凱倫•紐威斯，紐約無罪計畫的高級律師會進一步進行解釋。
First, I think it’s sort of natural for people to want to believe that memory can be accurate.It’s very disconcerting to think that we’re going through life relying on our memoriesand then to learn how mistaken they can be - and how frequently. Second is that the testimony of eyewitnesses has become a very expected piece of criminal trial so jurors sort of anticipate it, look for it, and tend to believe it.
首先，人們相信記憶是準確的這一點很自然。一想到我們一生依賴記憶而活，然後意識到它們有可能是錯的，而且很頻繁出錯，這讓人很不安。第二，刑事審判中非常指望目擊者證詞，所以陪審員會期待證詞，尋找證詞，而且傾向於相信證詞。
So we like to trust in our ability to remember things accurately. And it’s disconcerting to learn that memory is frequently inaccurate. And disconcerting means…
所以我們樂於相信我們準確記憶事物的能力。意識到記憶經常不準確會讓人很不安。disconcerting是指……
…it means confusing and a bit upsetting.
是指感到困惑，很沮喪。
Karen Newirth also says that people expect eyewitness testimony – or spoken statements – in court. Do you think that’s true, Catherine?
凱倫還說道，人們在庭審現場期待目擊者證詞，也就是口證。你覺得這是真的嗎？
Yes – and it’s the most commonly used evidence brought against criminal defendants in court, even though they are often inaccurate.
是的。目擊者證詞是法庭上對抗刑事被告最常使用的證據，即便它們經常不準確。
Are there any ways to improve accuracy?
有什麼方式提高準確性嗎？
Yes, there are. For example, in a police line-up you can prevent eyewitnesses receiving information from the officer giving instructions, which might influence their response.
有的。例如，在排隊辨認嫌疑犯時，你要避免目擊者從警官的暗示中獲取資訊，這也許會影響他們的反應。
Yes, I see.Well, you didn’t give anything away when you asked what was different about your appearance at the beginning of the show.
我明白了。當你在節目最初問我你外表看起來有什麼不同時，你沒有透露任何資訊。
Yes, that’s true, Neil. But I can now reveal to you that... I’m wearing glasses, Neil.I’ve lost my contact lenses!
沒錯。但我現在想要透露給你，我今天戴了眼鏡。因為我弄丟了我的隱形眼鏡。
I don’t know how I missed that. Because actually you do look, well, completely different with glasses.
我不知道我怎麼能看不出來。明明你戴上眼鏡和你平時很不一樣。
Just a bit, yes. So, now we’re running out of time, so let’s move onto the answer to today’s quiz question. Remember I asked: in which part of the brain is there an area dedicated to recognizing faces? Is it…a) the temporal lobe? b) the hypothalamus? or c) the cerebellum?
只有一點不一樣。我們的時間快到了，我們來看今天問題的答案。還記得我的問題嗎？大腦中哪一部分負責記憶面孔？a) 顳葉？b)下丘腦？還是c) 小腦？
I said a) the temporal lobe. Was I right?
我選的是a) 顳葉？我回答對了嗎？
You were indeed, Neil! Very well done, it was the correct answer!
你答對了！做得好！這就是正確答案。
The main part of the brain dedicated to recognising faces – called the Fusiform Face Area – is positioned in the temporal lobe, which can be found roughly in the area just behind your ears.
大腦中主要負責記憶面孔的部分叫做紡錘狀臉部區域，位於顳葉中，大致在耳後區域。
Fascinating! Now, here are the words we learned today…
很有意思！現在我們聽聽今天學到的單詞：
reconstruct 重建
distorted 歪曲的
crime scene 犯罪現場
contaminated 污染的
at knifepoint 在刀尖的威脅下
disconcerting 令人不安的
testimony 證詞
And that bring us to the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!
今天的六分鐘英語就到這裡。別忘了下次再會。
Bye!
再見！
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