字神帝國英語天地

今日主題：The teenage brain 青少年的大腦

派老師推薦：雅思聽力最好的課外教材：BBC
康康精選雅思會考的主題，堅持每天精聽一定會進步的哦!!

建議方法：
1. 先聽兩三遍 (不看文稿)
2. 再一句一句聽寫 (每句都要聽寫數遍，直到寫出85%以上的字)
3. 最後check文稿，看哪聽不出來，單字沒背過，還是發音不熟。
4. 堅持天天聽，就能每天進步哦。

MP3音檔：喜歡的同學，幫忙推或按讚哦~~
http://static.iyuba.com/sounds/minutes/190.mp3

只有音檔怎夠，聽不懂地方，不用怕，康康幫你準備好中英文稿了：

中英文稿：
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil…
大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是尼爾。
… and I'm Rob. Hello.
大家好，我是羅伯。
Hello, Rob.I like your new hoody.
你好，羅伯。我喜歡你的新衛衣。
Oh, right! Thanks a lot. A hoody is a sweatshirt with a hood, by the way.You don't think I'm too old for hoodies, do you?
噢，謝謝。順便說一下，衛衣是指帶帽子的運動衫。你不覺得我年紀太大不適合穿衛衣了嗎？
Never. No, no. You too old? Never, Rob!It's all about how young you feel inside, isn't it?
不，不。你太老了？你才不老，羅伯。最重要的是你的內心有多年輕，不是嗎？
Is that right? Well, I don't feel a day over sixteen, Neil.
是嗎？好吧，我從來沒覺得自己超過16歲。
Excellent! Now, that might help you because in this programme we're talking about the teenage brain!So, are you ready for today's quiz question, Rob?
很好。今天的節目我們要討論青少年的大腦，有可能會幫到你。準備好回答今天的問題了嗎？
Yes, I am Neil. Fire away.
準備好了，尼爾，開始問吧。
OK. What part of the brain is connected with basic emotions?Is it the…a) prefrontal cortex?b) cerebral cortex?or c) limbic sytem?
好的。大腦的哪部分影響著最基本的情緒？a) 前額皮質？b) 大腦皮層？還是 c)大腦邊緣系統 ?
OK. I was terrible at biology – I never listened in class.So I'm going to have to take a guess and say the answer is a) prefrontal cortex.
我生物非常差，從來沒聽過課。我猜一下吧，我選a) 前額皮質。
OK, well. We'll find out if that's the right answer at the end of the programme. Now Rob, were you a well-behaved student?
好的，節目的最後我們再看你回答得是否正確。羅伯，你之前是行為端正的乖學生嗎？
Well, I wasn't badly behaved.But we had a horrible school uniform and sometimes I got detention just for having my shirt hanging out.
是的，從來沒有舉止惡劣。但是我們的校服非常醜，有時我會因為在校園不穿校服而被留校。
Well, that's pretty harsh!Detention means having to stay at school after the day to do extra work.
那太嚴格了。留校是指放學後不得不留在學校做額外的事。
Yes it was a punishment for doing something wrong. Now some people think that typical teenage behaviour such as embarrassment, anxiety, mood swings and risk taking is caused by changing hormones.
是的，這是做錯事的一種懲罰。如今一些人們認為，典型的青少年行為，如尷尬、煩躁、情緒波動、愛冒險是因為荷爾蒙的變化。
Mood swings are sudden changes of mood and hormones are chemicals in the body that stimulate cells and organs into action.
情緒波動是指情緒突然改變，荷爾蒙是身體中的化學物質，刺激細胞和器官的運動。
Yes. I bet you were a moody teenager, Neil!
沒錯。我打賭你曾經肯定是個情緒化的少年。
I might have been (in a teenage voice)… no, let's not go there, Rob. Now, apparently, it's not only our hormones that change when we reach adolescence – that's the age when we start changing into an adult.
也許是吧。好了，羅伯，不要說這些了。顯然，我們步入青春期，或者說我們開始步入成年，不僅是荷爾蒙改變了。
That's right. According to scientific research, some teenage behaviour is probably caused by changes in the brain.Let's listen to Professor Sarah-Jayne Blakemore talking about this.What's the phrase she uses to mean 』to enjoy'?
沒錯。根據科學研究，一些青少年的行為舉止可能是因為大腦的變化。聽聽薩拉傑恩布萊克摩爾教授對此事的看法。她用了什麼詞來表示「喜歡某事」。
There's a pretty established theory of risk taking – the biological basis of risk taking– which is that two different systems in the brain developed at different rates. The parts of the brain called the limbic system,which includes the regions of the brain that give you a rewarding feeling out of taking a risk, a kind of kick out of taking a risk, and an emotion out of taking a risk,are developing more quickly than the part of the brain called the pre-frontal cortex, which inhibits risk taking.
目前已有關於青少年熱愛冒險的理論，即其生物學基礎，大腦中兩個不同的系統以不同的速度發展。大腦中的那部分系統叫做大腦邊緣系統，會給你冒險後的回饋反應，喜歡冒險的感覺及冒險的情緒。大腦邊緣系統的發展遠遠快於抑制冒險情緒的前額皮質的發展。
So what risks do teenagers typically take?
青少年經常會冒什麼險呢？
Well. The things most parents worry about, such as drinking, smoking, possibly taking drugs, and driving too fast.
一些父母們經常擔心的事，如喝酒、抽菸、還有可能吸毒、飆車。
And the reason that they take these risks might be because the area of the brain that rewards risk-taking behaviour develops more quickly than the area of the brain that inhibits – or slows down – risk-taking behaviour.
他們冒險的原因也許是因為大腦中鼓勵冒險行為的系統發展的比抑制冒險行為的系統快。
And what was the phrase she used to mean 』enjoy something'?
那她使用了哪個短語表示「喜歡某事」？
It was to get a kick out of something. Teenagers 』get a kick out of' and are rewarded for taking risks by one part of the brain – the limbic system – while the other part – the pre-frontal cortex – does little to slow things down.
因某事而感到愉悅。青少年會因為冒險而感到愉悅和滿足，因為大腦中的邊緣系統，而另一部分系統，前額皮質會抑制冒險情緒的發展。
Well, that sounds more fun than being an adult.But actually, we often give teenagers a hard time. Let's hear more about this from Sarah-Jayne.
這比成年人有趣多了。但是外界也總為難青少年。我們來聽聽薩拉教授所說的。
Something that I've noticed since working with teenagers is that they are the butt of many jokes. And they're parodied left, right and centre. They're demonized in newspapers.And whenever I tweet anything about the teenage brain – which I do quite frequently– invariably, inevitably, I'll get a reply from someone saying, 』Oh, what, teenagers actually have brains?』
自從接觸了與青少年有關的工作後，我意識到他們總是嘲笑的對象。他們被到處模仿。一些報紙雜誌甚而將他們妖魔化。無論何時我在推特上推送一些關於青少年大腦的文章，我也經常這麼做，不約而同地，無可避免地總有一些人會回覆「哈，青少年有腦子嗎？」
Now of course some teenagers are very brainy – brainy is another way of saying clever.I know young people who are brilliant at maths, art and science.
當然一些青少年是很有頭腦的，也就是說很聰明。我知道一些年輕人在數學、藝術和科學方面很有造詣。
But we heard Sarah-Jayne describe teenagers as being the butt of a joke – that means to be its target.And if you parody someone you copy their style in an exaggerated way to make people laugh.
我們聽到薩拉教授剛剛提到的，青少年經常成為嘲笑的對象，也就是受攻擊的對象。以誇張的方式模仿一個人的風格以譁眾取寵。
And to demonize a person or a group means to talk about them as if they were evil or threatening.Poor teenagers, Rob!
妖魔化一個人或一個組織是說將他們視為邪惡的力量或威脅。可憐的青少年。
Oh, don't worry, Neil – they'll grow up and be like us one day!And now it's time to hear the answer to today's quiz question.
不用擔心，他們也會長大，成為如我們一般的成年人。現在來看看節目開頭時提到的問題的答案吧。
Yes it is. I asked you, what part of the brain is connected with basic emotions? Is it the… a) prefrontal cortex? b) cerebral cortex? or c) limbic system?
好的。我的問題是：大腦的哪部分影響著最基本的情緒？a) 前額皮質？b) 大腦皮層？還是 c)大腦邊緣系統 ?
And I chose a) prefrontal cortex. Was I right?
我選的是a) 前額皮質。對不對呢？
Well. I'm afraid to say, Rob, that you were absolutely wrong.
很抱歉，你回答錯了。
Using the wrong part of my brain, obviously.
顯然，我用錯了大腦的那部分系統。
Yes. The answer is c) the limbic system.But don't get too emotional about getting that wrongand instead, please remind us of the words we learned today?
正確答案是c)大腦邊緣系統。但是不要因為答錯了而太過情緒化，再來回憶一下今天學習的單詞吧？
Good idea. We heard:
好的。今天聽到的單詞有：
Hoody
衛衣
Detention
留校
Hormones
荷爾蒙
Adolescence
青春期
Inhibits
抑制
get a kick out of something
因某事而感到愉悅
limbic system
大腦邊緣系統
prefrontal cortex
前額皮質
Brainy
有頭腦的
butt of a joke
嘲笑的對象
Parody
拙劣的模仿
to demonize
妖魔化