字神帝國英語天地

長難句可以說是GMAT閱讀中最為困擾廣大考生的難點。由於句子結構的複雜多變，在規定時間內完成閱讀並理解長難句就成了考生想要在GMAT閱讀中拿到高分必須跨越的障礙。解決長難句有技巧，去掉修飾抓主幹就是比較實用的方法，具體如何練習？來看下面的實例講解：

【分辨斷句，找出主謂語】
首先，我們要明確長句究竟在哪裡斷開，找到有用的，拋棄無用的。先來看看下面這個句子：Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.

在閱讀時要注意辨別這些複雜修飾成分，找出真正的主語和謂語。很顯然，這句話應該在冒號處斷開，冒號後是對前半句的解釋，所以在讀在這句話時，我們不必把太多精力放在前半句上，而要著重理解後半句，這才是與文章內容相關的部分。整句話的複雜修飾成分包括介詞短語in the best of circumstances, from larger, more established companies，以及不定式to broaden their customer bases，和現在分詞arising from their current success.

【去掉複雜修飾成分】
再來看一個複雜修飾成分為從句的例子：Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

原句中的定語從句、賓語從句對句意表達的作用不大，可以略過不讀。通過對複雜修飾成分的加工處理，這個句子變得十分簡單：One of the principal reasons is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts.

【明確句子結構框架】
GMAT閱讀的複雜修飾成分往往放在一個比較複雜的句子框架中，例如下面這句話Although the samurais had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive.

先明確句子大體框架再剝離複雜修飾成分。整個句子是鑲嵌在although…it is not surprising 這個框架中的，但是由於中間插入成分多，容易打斷考生思路，導致無法準確把握句意，同時運用了介詞短語by years of peace，定語從句tasks that…以及過去分詞encouraged to…，使整個句子看上去非常難懂，其實把框架單獨提煉出來，句子就會變得苗條很多：Although the samurais had been reduced to idleness, it is not surprising that hteir tastes and habits grew expensive.
通過上文分析，我們可以看出GMAT閱讀長難句並不是不能攻克，干擾阻礙我們解題的無非就是以上幾種常見的形式，只要掌握了抓主幹的方法，解決長難句也是很輕鬆的。希望上述內容能幫到大家。

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★ GMAT兩岸文法 / 語法用詞
1. 狀語：副詞(片語) 
2. 表語：主詞補語(最常出現為形容詞、名詞)
3. 短語：片語(ex: 介詞短語= 介系詞片語)
4. 定語(放在名詞前後用來修飾或限定該名詞)：形容詞 (片語)、限定詞
5. 賓語：受詞
6. 謂語：動詞
7. 從句：子句(ex: 定語從句= 形容詞子句)
8. 主語：主詞